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Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26223430     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v4i1.42852
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering (EJChE) publishes communication articles, original research articles and review articles in :. Material Development Biochemical Process Exploration and Optimization Chemical Education Chemical Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Membrane Technology Food Technology Bioprocess Technology Chemurgy Technology Waste Treatment Technology Separation and Purification Technology Natural Dyes Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi
Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022" : 12 Documents clear
Brewery Effluent Treatment with Conventional and Natural Coagulants Ramesh Babu Aremanda; Filmon Berhane; Heaven Daniel; Abiel Mehari; Arsiema Tekle
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.66528

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In water scarce countries such as Eritrea, maintaining brewery industry remain ever challenging task. Currently, Asmara breweries is the only beer producing factory consuming 8.46 L of water per every L of beer produced which is notably higher than Brewer’s Association (BA) benchmark and consequently generates 7.53 L of wastewater/L of beer. Bottle cleaning and brewery activities ascertain ample effluent bases. Wastewater from bottle cleaning (BCWW), brewery (BWW) and mixed (MWW) have attributed a wide spectrum of 3500-160000 mg/L of COD and 327-26667 mg/L of BOD5, which are significantly overtops other reported brewery effluents. Physicochemical treatments including coagulation with conventional (alum) and natural (MO seed) flocculants have tested to remove higher COD and BOD5 concentrations of brewery effluents. Optimal coagulant dosage determined by accounting turbidity as a key performance indicator. Alum treatment of BCWW and MO seed flocculation of MWW have resulted in lower turbidity levels of 0.49 and 6.17 NTU at 60 mg/L of dosages respectively. The optimal quantities of 92.2 % and 86.6% (by weight) of water recovered from alum treatment of BCWW and MO seed coagulation of MWW respectively. Higher sludge volumes recorded as a major disadvantage in alum coagulation whereas natural coagulant, MO seed manifested competitive results in removal of COD, BOD5, Chlorine, Nitrogen, Sulphate, Sodium, TDS and TSS along with PH stabilization. In addition, 97.2% of influent turbidity removed through MO seed coagulation treatment, an equipollent to alum despite of four fold increment in potassium levels.Keywords: Brewery Wastewater Coagulation Alum Moringa Oliefera Effluent Treatment
Planning of Granular Activated Carbon Unit to Remove Ammonia and TSS at IPLT X, Kota Jakarta Sri Dewi Handayani; Yesaya Emeraldy Priutama; Intan Rahmalia; Farhan Muhammad Hilmi; Reifaldy Tsany Betta Aryanto; Evi Siti Sofiyah; Ariyanti Sarwono; I Wayan Koko Suryawan
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.61216

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Fecal sludge can be treated by conventional treatment such as pond stabilization which is commonly used to reduce organic concentrations. However, nutrients such as NH3 are still widely measured in the effluent. One of the sewerage treatments in the city of Jakarta, for example, experienced this condition. This study aims to design an appropriate technology to increase the efficiency of nutrient ammonia and total suspended solid (TSS) removal at Duri X IPLT. The unit added in the selected effluent treatment is Granular Activated Carbon (GAC). Design considerations are the characteristics of activated carbon, operating conditions (discharge and contact time), and operating mode (fixed-, expanded-, or fluidized-bed, pumped, or gravity flow). The Carbon Usage Rate for removing ammonia and TSS is 1.384 g/L and 0.378 g/L, respectively. Maintenance is required so that the granular activated carbon (GAC) unit can continue operating and functioning properly. Blockages in carbon transport pipes can occur in many pipes. This can occur due to a too-small pipe, a short bend radius of the pipe, a lack of speed, and a lack of cleaning of the pipe. The eroded pipe is also a common problem that often occurs in unlined mild steel and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), usually in sharp bends.Keywords: Sewerage, ammonia, TSS, design, GAC
A Review on Antimony-based Perovskite Solar Cells Ankit Stephen Thomas
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.64322

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Over the past decade, lead halide perovskite light absorbers have been the conventionally used perovskite light absorbers. However, there is an urgent call for alternative perovskite materials with toxicity levels and poor stability to UV radiations. Antimony-based perovskites have proven to be a material with unique optoelectronic properties, conventional fabrication processes, low-toxicity levels and high stability values. In this review, we look into the structure of antimony perovskites, the various research achievements over recent years, and the challenges and opportunities ahead for this budding technology. The review also highlights the various computational, theoretical and experimental studies done by researchers to highlight the peculiar Lead-free perovskite materials and their distinctive features. Although the efficiency levels of these devices are not very high, the improvements they have made with remarkable stability characteristics make them a viable candidate for commercial perovskite photovoltaics.Keywords: Perovskite Solar Cells, Photovoltaic Technology, Leadfree Perovskites, Solar Cell Materials, Antimony-based Perovskites
Proses Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. Menggunakan Metode Transesterifikasi In-Situ dengan Katalis KOH Faizul Baqi; Rizqyta Subtantia Intan Putri; Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.63257

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Mikroalga Nannochlopsis sp merupakan alternatif bahan baku yang digunakan untuk pembuatan biodiesel karena memiliki kandungan asam lemak dan lipid yang tinggi serta pertumbuhannya yang begitu cepat. Metode yang digunakan yaitu transesterifikasi in situ dimana proses ekstraksi dan transesterifikasi berlangsung secara bersamaan yang terdiri dari 2 tahap, proses transestrifikasi in situ dan pemurnian biodiesel. Proses transeserifikasi in situ berlangsung selama 8 jam setelah itu, dilanjutkan dengan proses distilasi untuk menghilangkan kandungan n-heksana dan di oven selama 2 jam untuk menguapkan air yang tersisa. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio molar minyak mikroalga : metanol dengan variasi katalis yang dimana rasio 1:6 memiliki tingkat kesetimbangan yang tinggi sehingga dapat menghasilkan %yield yang besar. Rasio molar minyak mikroalga : metanol 1:6 dengan variasi katalis KOH 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; dan 4%w/w, dengan pelarut n-heksana 70%v/v terhadap yield crude dan kandungan FFA. Hasil yield crude biodiesel yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini sebesar 7%, kadar FFA sebesar 0,74 mg NaOH/gr.Kata kunci: Biodiesel, FFA, Nannochloropsis sp, Transesterifikasi In-Situ, Yield CrudeABSTRACT. Microalgae Nannochloropsis sp is an alternative raw material which is used for biodiesel production because it has a high content of fatty acids and increased lipid and its growth is so fast. The method was in situ transesterification in which extraction and transesterification processes took place simultaneously and consisted of 2 steps; in situ transesterification process and biodiesel purification. The in-situ transesterification process lasted for 8 hours after that, followed by a distillation process to remove the n-hexane content and in the oven for 2 hours to evaporate the remaining air. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the molar ratio from microalgae oil: methanol with variations of catalyst where the ratio of 1:6 has a high equilibrium level so that it can produce a large % yield.  the molar ratio from microalgae oil: methanol 1:6 with variations of KOH catalysts 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; and 4%w/w, with solvent n-hexane is 70%v/v to the yield of crude and FFA biodiesel. The variable used was the molar ratio variation of microalgae oil: methanol 1:6. The yield of biodiesel crude obtained was 7%, and FFA content was 0.74 mg NaOH/gr.Keywords: Biodiesel, FFA, Nannochloropsis sp, Transesterification In-Situ, Yield Crude
Karakterisasi Kelarutan Silika dari Fly Ash Kelapa Sawit dalam Larutan Basa Kuat (NaOH) dan Asam Lemah (C6H8O7) Regna Tri Jayanti; Annisa Aulia Furqana Ramzi; Muhammad Hanif Alfitra
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.67249

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Pertumbuhan industri pabrik kelapa sawit masih cukup potensial di Indonesia. Kajian produk samping hasil produksi pabrik kelapa sawit ini masih belum diolah dengan optimal. Pemanfaatan fly ash sebagai salah satu produk samping masih sangat perlu dikembangkan. Silika merupakan komposisi penyusun fly ash pabrik kelapa sawit yang sangat diminati saat ini karena memiliki potensi aplikasi dalam berbagai tujuan seperti pengolahan limbah, material semikonduktor, dan bahan aditif pertanian. Penelitian pengolahan silika dari abu hasil proses pembakaran tidak terlepas dari metode ektraksi yang sangat bergantung dari karakteristik kelarutan silika terhadap pelarutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi karakteritik kelarutan silika yang berasal dari fly ash pabrik kelapa sawit dalam larutan berupa basa kuat (NaOH) dan asam lemah (C6H8O7). Aktivitas kelarutan silika dalam pelarut asam dan basa dilakukan dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi pelarut yaitu 1 M, 2 M, dan 3 M. Proses pelarutan silika dilakukan pada temperatur 60oC dalam waktu 60 menit. Karaketrisasi fly ash dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen XRD, XRF, dan SEM yang menunjukkan bahwa senyawa penyusun utama fly ash adalah CaO 68,894% dan SiO2 19,189 % yang terkandung dalam mineral kalsit, portlandite, dan kuarsa dengan morfologi yang heterogen serta ukuran partikel berkisar 200 μm – 300 μm. Hasil pelarutan menunjukkan bahwa kelarutan silika tertinggi diperoleh dalam pelarut asam sitrat 2 M yaitu sebesar 26,35 %.Kata kunci: Kelarutan, Silika, Asam Lemah, Basa Kuat, NaOH, (C6H8O7) ABSTRACT. The growth of the palm oil mill industry still has quite potential in Indonesia, but the study of by-products produced by palm oil mills is immobile and not managed optimally. The use of fly ash as one of the by-products urgently necessities to be developed. Silica is a constituent composition of palm oil fly ash that is in great demand today because it has potential applications in various purposes such as sewage treatment, semiconductor materials, and agricultural additives. Research on silica processing from ash from the combustion process is inseparable from the extraction method which is highly dependent on the characteristics of silica solubility to the solvent. This study aims to provide information on the characteristics of silica solubility derived from palm oil mill fly ash in a solution in the form of strong bases (NaOH) and weak acids (C6H8O7). The solubility activity of silica in acidic and alkaline solvents is carried out by varying the solvent concentration of 1 M, 2 M, and 3 M. Silica dissolution process is carried out at a temperature of 60oC within 60 minutes. Fly ash characterization was carried out using XRD, XRF, and SEM instruments which showed that the main constituent compounds of fly ash were CaO 68.894% and SiO2 19.189% contained in calcite, portlandite, and quartz minerals with heterogeneous morphology with particle size between 200 μm – 300 μm. The dissolution results showed that the highest silica solubility was obtained in a 2 M citric acid solvent, which was 26.35%.Keywords: Solubility, Silica, Weak Acid, Strong Base, NaOH, (C6H8O7)
The Study of Selection Bottle Packaging for Carbonated Beverages Ari Diana Susanti; Diaz Dzulriyana Jalesaputri; Fadhilah Rahmatul Hasanah; Achmad Tegar Romadhoni; Alvin Petrus Gultom
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.62623

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The growth of the packaged beverages market in Indonesia is overgrowing. One sector of packaged beverages is carbonated beverages and bottled water. The main problem with packaged beverages containing dissolved gases is maintaining product quality during shelf life. Packaging materials and packaging lids cause a decrease in dissolved gas levels in beverages. Therefore, this study aims to analyze leaks in polyethylene terephthalate and glass bottles so that can use them to estimate the shelf life of the product. This study uses water, 3 types of glass bottles, and 1 type of plastic bottle. Bottles filled with water with various filling volumes of 40%v/v, 60%v/v, and 80%v/v were then analyzed for bottle leakage for 8 days. The results showed that effectively used a glass bottle with a volume of 250mL filled with more than 80%v/v, this was because it had the least leakage rate compared to others. In addition, this bottle has an attractive visual, easy labeling, and the size is not too large (ergonomic).Keywords: Glass bottle, plastic bottle, leakage test, shelf life
Effect of Acrylamide And Potassium Peroxodisulphate on The Quality of Bead Gel Based on Cassava Bagasse-Carrageenan Using Microwave Grafting Method Sperisa Distantina; Nurul Hidayatun; Shifa Annisa Nabila; Mujtahid Kaavessina; Fadilah Fadilah
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.68130

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Hydrogels are widely used for drug delivery systems, immuno-chemotherapy applications, efficient use of water, preventing dry soil, and increasing soil infiltration. Generally, hydrogels are derived from synthetic polymers which is non-biodegradable and toxic. Cassava bagasse is an alternative cellulose to make hydrogels. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the amount of acrylamide and potassium peroxodisulphate (KPS) initiator on the quality of bead gel based on cassava bagasse-carrageenan. Chemical structure of the hydrogel was studied using FTIR spectroscopy. Cassava bagasse was immersed in a solution of n-hexane to separate the fat. Then, fat-free cassava bagasse was grafted with mass ratios of cassava and acrylamide 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 in 110 mL water. The solution was added with a KPS initiator with weight variations (g) 0.04; 0.08; 0.12 then stirred 15 min. The solution was put in the microwave with 630 watts of irradiation for 450 s with the cooling cycle temperature maintained at 65-70oC. The aqueous of grafted polymer and carrageenan was injected into beaker glass that contained 1 cm of palm oil and mixture of 0.2 M CaCl2 and 0.2 M KCl in an ice bath. Results showed that the highest average swelling capacity was found in the bead gel variation 1:15 with the number of initiators 0.04 g of 1797.95% at a time of 210 minutes of immersion. From FTIR spectrum, it was found that there was a success in grafting acrylamide into bagasse’s backbone using the microwave grafting method with KPS as initiator.Keywords: Acrylamide, Bead Gel, Cassava Bagasse, Grafting Microwave, Potassium Peroxodisulphate
Pemanfaatan Cangkang Biji Nyamplung sebagai Penghasil Resin untuk Mengatasi Permasalahan Limbah Padat di CV Plantanesia Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani; Mujtahid Kaavessina; Fadilah Fadilah; Sperisa Distantina; Endang Kwartiningsih; Yoseph Calasanctius Danarto; Aida Nur Ramadhani
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.66463

Abstract

ABSTRAK. CV Plantanesia merupakan industri penghasil minyak dari biji nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) yang dikenal sebagai Tamanu oil. Minyak tersebut dijual sebagai bahan baku kosmetik untuk produk skin care dan obat tradisional seperti luka, penyakit kulit, rematik, minyak untuk urut maupun obat gatal. Produksi Tamanu oil menghasilkan limbah hasil pengepresan minyak dari bijinya yang berupa bungkil/ampas biji dan cangkang/kulit buah nyamplung. Limbah tersebut dihasilkan dalam jumlah besar dan belum dimanfaatkan sehingga hanya dibuang sebagai sampah dan dibakar. Cangkang biji nyamplung mengandung resin senyawa fenolik yang memiliki sifat antioksidan, anti inflamasi, anti kanker, dan anti mikroba sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan Tujuan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pelatihan pengolahan limbah pengepresan minyak biji nyamplung, khususnya cangkang biji dan pengolahannya untuk menjadi resin. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di CV. Plantanesia yang berlokasi di Tasikmadu, Kecamatan Jaten, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Pelatihan diberikan dalam bentuk penyuluhan, diskusi dan pelatihan pengambilan (ekstraksi) resin dari cangkang nyamplung. Proses ekstraksi resin dari cangkang nyamplung dan pengaturan kondisi optimal ekstraksi dilakukan terlebih dahulu melalui percobaan pendahuluan di Laboratorium Program Studi Teknik Kimia FT UNS. Hasil percobaan tersebut digunakan sebagai materi pelatihan. Penyampaian materi dilakukan melalui kunjungan, penyuluhan dan pelatihan pada pelaku usaha khususnya CV Plantanesia. Materi penyuluhan dikemas dalam modul dan dipraktekkan secara langsung di lokasi CV. Dari kegiatan ini, mitra memperoleh peningkatan wawasan akan pemanfaatan cangkang biji nyamplung. Produk resin yang dihasilkan diharapkan dapat bermanfaat sebagai produk samping yang bernilai jual tinggi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan bagi pelaku usaha, sekaligus dapat mengatasi masalah limbahnya. Kata kunci: cangkang biji nyamplung, resin, tamanu oilABSTRACT. CV Plantanesia is a home industry that produces nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) seed oil known as Tamanu oil. The oil is usually used for skin care products and traditional medicines such as wounds, skin diseases, rheumatism, massage oil and itching medicine. Tamanu oil production leaves solid waste from the pressing process, which is cake/seed dregs and shells/skin of nyamplung fruit. This waste is generated in large quantities and has not been utilized, so it is only disposed of as garbage or just burned. Nyamplung seed shells contain resin phenolic compounds which is used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. It can be used for medical treatment. This project aims to provide training on processing waste nyamplung seed oil, especially the seed shells and their processing to become resin. This activity is carried out at CV. Plantanesia which is located in Tasikmadu, Jaten, Karanganyar. The project was implemented in various activities, such as counseling, focus group discussions and workshop for extracting resin from nyamplung shells. The resin extraction and optimization process condition were developed at the Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University. The experimental results are implemented in the workshop at the industry. From this activity, partners gain increased insight into the use of nyamplung seed shells. The resin product is expected to be useful as a high value by-product to increase the benefit of the industry, as well as to overcome the waste problem.Keywords: nyamplung seed shell, resin, tamanu oil
Meningkatkan Potensi Kewirausahaan dan Inovasi Produk di SMK N 1 Mojosongo Himmah Sekar Eka Ayu Gustiana; Ayub Mahmudi; Syahrul Aji Jayani; Cornelius Satria Yudha; Esa Nur Shohih; Firman Asto Putro; Muhammad Iqbal Al Fuady; Paryanto Paryanto; Windhu Griyasti Suci
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.65939

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Kewirausahaan merupakan salah satu tuntutan kompetensi lulusan siswa di SMK Negeri 1 Mojosongo. Kompetensi tersebut menjadi salah satu indikator kualitas sumber daya manusia lulusan SMK. Tim Manajemen sekolah selalu berusaha meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya siswa dan tenaga pengajarnya. Salah satu terobosan yang dilakukan adalah bekerjasama dengan Prodi D3 Teknik Kimia Universitas Sebelas Maret untuk meningkatkan wawasan siswanya. Konsep kerjasama ini berupa transfer keilmuan yang dikemas dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Kegiatan ini memiliki beberapa tahapan dimulai dari identifikasi masalah mitra yaitu perlunya pemahaman konsep kewirausahaan, business plan, pemodalan dana hibah, konsep desain dan inovasi produk dan pemasaran usaha. Pada tahap awal kegiatan siswa diminta mengikuti pretest untuk mengetahui tingkat mula pemahaman.  Tahap kedua paparan materi kewirausahaan dan diskusi, tahap ketiga demo sekaligus praktik langsung pembuatan inovasi produk pangan dari buah nipah. Kegiatan diakhiri dengan post test dan testimoni hasil kegiatan. Dari kegiatan yang telah dilakukan, menunjukkan hasil bahwa terdapat peningkatan pemahaman peserta tentang kewirausahaan dan inovasi produk menggunakan teknologi sederhana. Kata kunci: Kewirausahaan, inovasi pangan, nipah, sirupABSTRACT. Entrepreneurship is one of the required competencies for students' graduation at SMK Negeri 1 Mojosongo. Thus, this competency is one of the indicators to determine the quality of graduates from SMK N 1 Mojosongo. The School management has been trying to improve the quality of students and teaching staff. Collaboration between SMK N 1 Mojosongo and Diploma 3 of the Chemical Engineering Study Program of Universitas Sebelas Maret is one of the breakthroughs to increase students' insight. The concept of this collaboration is in the form of knowledge transfer which is packaged in community service activities. This activity begins with identifying the problems experienced by partners such as the need to understand the concept of entrepreneurship, business plans, grant funding, design concepts, product innovation, and business marketing. Before the main agenda begins, students are asked to take a pretest to determine their initial level of understanding. After a presentation on entrepreneurship, the students practice making food product innovations from Nypa fruticans. Finally, the students took the post-test and gave testimonials on the results of the activities. The results of this activity indicate that there is an increase in participants' understanding of entrepreneurship and product innovation with simple technology.Keywords: Food innovation, nypa fruticans, entrepreneurship, syrup
Pengaruh Fraksi Minyak dan Emulsifier serta Kecepatan Pengadukan terhadap Karakteristik Emulsi Minyak Biji Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) dalam Air (M/A) Margono Margono; Eudia Novianty Putri; Evan Gumilar
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.64147

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Emulsi M/A basis krim minyak biji bunga matahari memiliki keunggulan menjaga kelembaban kulit, anti inflamasi, mudah diaplikasikan, tidak lengket, dan mudah dicuci dengan air. Formula memiliki peran penting dalam pembuatan basis krim karena formula yang tidak tepat menyebabkan perubahan sifat dan karakteristik yang drastis. Percobaan ini dipelajari untuk mengetahui pengaruh fraksi emulsifier, fraksi minyak biji bunga matahari, dan kecepatan pengadukan terhadap karakteristik basis krim. Karakteristik yang diamati adalah daya sebar, diameter globula, dan stabilitas basis krim. Basis krim dibuat dalam beberapa formula dan berbagai kecepatan pengadukan ketika fase minyak dituangkan ke dalam fase air secara bertahap. Suhu kerja dijaga antara 60-70 oC selama 30 menit saat pencampuran. Pengamatan daya sebar dan diameter globula dilakukan setiap 5 menit, sedangkan stabilitas hanya diamati pada akhir proses. Perlakuan terpilih berupa kecepatan pengadukan 2000 rpm pada pengemulsi 4% dan minyak biji bunga matahari 10% menghasilkan basis krim dengan daya sebar 7,1 + 0,68 cm dan diameter globula 12,7 + 1,62 µm. Semua formula dan kecepatan pengadukan menghasilkan basis krim M/A dengan stabilitas yang baik.Kata kunci: basis krim, emulsi M/A kecepatan pengadukan, minyak biji bunga matahari, emulsifierABSTRACT. The O/W emulsion of sunflower seed oil base cream has the advantage of maintaining skin moisture, anti-inflammatory, easy to apply, not sticky, and easily washed off with water. A Formula has an important role in a base cream manufacturing due to improper formula causing drastic changes in the properties and characteristics. These experiments were studied to investigate the effects of fraction of natural emulsifier, fraction of sunflower seed oil, and impeller speed on the base cream characteristics. The characteristics observed were spreadability, globule diameter, and stability of the base cream. The base cream was prepared in some formulas and various of impeller speeds when the oil phase was poured into the water phase gradually. The working temperature was kept between 60-70oC for 30 minutes of mixing. Observations of the spreadability and the globule diameter were conducted every 5 minutes, while the stability just observed at the end of process. The treatment of 2000 rpm of impeller speed on 4% of emulsifier and 10% of sunflower seed oil resulted in the base cream with spreadability of 7.1 + 0.68 cm and globule diameter of 12.7 + 1.62 µm, while all of the formulas and   impeller speeds resulted in O/W base cream having good stabilityKeywords: Base Cream, Impeller Speed, Natural Emulsifier, O/W emulsion, Sunflower Seed Oil 

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